第48卷第6期 2012年3月

机 械 工 程 学 报

JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Vol.48 No.6 Mar. 2012

DOI：10.3901/JME.2012.06.019

中国焊接制造领域学科发展研究

李晓延1 武传松2 李午申3

(1. 北京工业大学材料科学与工程学院 北京 100124； 2. 山东大学材料科学与工程学院 济南 250061； 3. 天津大学材料科学与工程学院 天津 300072)

摘要：焊接是现代制造业中最为重要的材料成形和加工技术之一，焊接制造技术的发展对我国成为制造强国有着极为重要的意义。对近年我国焊接制造技术中几个主要领域的最新进展进行总结和分析，提出未来焊接制造领域的发展策略建议。由于钢材仍将是未来较长时间占主导地位的基础结构材料，应加强新一代钢材焊接冶金理论的研究及高品质焊接材料的发展；我国是世界最大的电子产品制造国，加强无铅连接材料及无铅封装技术的研究是发展无铅电子技术的唯一途径；以激光束、电子束为代表的高能束流焊接技术可大幅提高焊接生产效率，我国应加强其在装备制造业中的研究和应用；对焊接热过程的数值模拟，可为深入理解焊接过程中的复杂物理现象提供重要的理论依据和基础数据，近年来我国在焊接热过程、残余应力与变形以及焊接冶金等方面的数值模拟研究方面也取得了显著进步，应加强应用技术的研究；自动化焊接和智能化焊接是实现高效焊接制造的重要手段，应加强其集成应用技术的研究；我国应加强焊接结构完整性评价技术的研究和应用，这是确保焊接结构可靠服役的重要前提。

关键词：焊接 焊接材料 无铅焊料 高能束流焊接 数值模拟 焊接自动化 中图分类号：TG407

Study on the Progress of Welding Science and Technology in China

LI Xiaoyan1 WU Chuansong2 LI Wushen3

(1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124;

2. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061; 3. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072)

Abstract：Welding is one of the most important technologies of materials forming and processing in modern manufacturing industry, the development of welding technology is of very important significance in promoting China to be a manufacturing giant in the world. Based on the summary and analysis of the recent advances on welding science and technology in China, the future development strategies on the relative fields are proposed. Due to steels still hold the dominant role in the basic structural materials, the study of welding metallurgy for the new generation steels and the development of high grade welding consumables are the key topics in welding manufacturing. China is now the largest electronic production site in the world, however, the study and development in lead-free soldering materials and lead-free packing technologies are the sole way to ensure China to be the largest green electronic producer. High energy density welding, such as laser beam welding and electron beam welding, is proven an advanced welding process which could increase the welding productivity remarkably, the study and application of such welding process in equipment manufacturing should be encouraged. The numerical simulation on welding process is beneficial in the understanding of the complex physical phenomena involved in welding, which also provides important and practical basic data. Significant progress in the simulation of thermal process, residual stress, deformation and welding metallurgy is made in China in the past years, nevertheless, the practical application of the above achievements should be further investigated. Achievements in research on automatic welding

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