日本汽车ASR介绍

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag (2007) 9:151–158 DOI 10.1007/s10163-007-0180-2

© Springer 2007

Shin-ichi Sakai · Yukio Noma · Akiko Kida

End-of-life vehicle recycling and automobile shredder residue management in Japan

Received: March 22, 2007 / Accepted: June 2, 2007

Abstract The Japanese Government introduced the Law on Recycling of End-of-Life Vehicles (ELV Recycling Law) in 2002. This law requires manufacturers to retrieve chloro uorocarbons (CFCs), airbags, and automobile shredder residue (ASR) from ELVs and to properly recycle the remaining materials. This framework is com-pared with European ELV directives. Pilot-scale incinera-tion plant testing has revealed a greater formation of by-product persistent organic pollutants (POPs) during the primary combustion of ASR compared to normal munici-pal solid waste. This may be attributed to the abundance of chlorine, Cu, and Fe in ASR, as Cu and Fe have been found to catalyze the formation of POPs under certain conditions. However, most by-product POPs were destroyed by the secondary combustion, and almost all were removed after ue gas treatment. The direct melting system is a shaft-type gasi cation and melting technology that has proved effective in many municipal solid waste applica-tions. This system can be applied to ASR recycling for effective decomposition of brominated ame retardants and polybrominated dioxins.

Key words End-of-life vehicle (ELV) · Automobile shred-der residues (ASR) · Brominated ame retardant · Thermal process · RecyclingIntroduction

The management of end-of-life vehicle (ELVs) and the appropriate treatment of the recycling residues are the subject of worldwide concern. ELVs are mainly recycled for S. Sakai (*)Environmental Preservation Center, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan

Tel. +81-75-753-7706; Fax +81-75-753-7710

e-mail: sakai@eprc.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Y. Noma · A. Kida

National Institute for Environmental Studies, Research Center for

Material Cycles and Waste Management, Tsukuba, Japan

iron production through the processes of dismantling and shredding. In the initial disassembly process, reusable parts such as engines, batteries, and recyclable materials are retrieved by hand. In the subsequent shredding process, iron and aluminum scrap is collected by magnetic/wind separa-tion. The iron scrap collected is recycled in the process of secondary iron production or in an electric furnace.Annual sales of new vehicles in Japan are about 6 million, and the total number of vehicles with ownership amounts to about 80 million. The present status of ELV management in Japan is as follows.1,2 Annually, approximately 5 million of the 80 million vehicles are discarded, of which about 1 million are exported. Discarded cars are delivered from about 50 000 used-car dealers and about 80 000 maintenance centers to dismantling companies. After about 5000 disas-sembly companies have collected parts such as engines, tires, and batteries, the remaining material of the vehicles, about 60% of the total weight, is delivered to shredding companies. About 140 shredding companies separate iron by shredding and magnetism and then sell the iron as scrap.

The shredding process produces automobile shredder resi-dues (ASR), and these shredder residues account for 20%–

25% of the original weight of the car. Approximately 700 000 tons of ASR is generated annually, and this has mainly been disposed of as land ll. However, because the land ll capac-ity for nal disposal has become limited, a reduction in ASR

has become all the more important. In order to establish a system for recycling and appropriate treatment, the Law for the Recycling of End-of-Life Vehicles (ELV Recycling

Law) was enacted in July 2002. Under the law, automobile manufacturers are obliged to collect and recycle air bags and ASR generated during the processing of ELVs. Chlo-ro uorocarbons (CFCs) also should be recovered and destroyed. The target recycling rate for ASR is 70% by

scal year 2015. Therefore ASR has been increasingly subject to material recycling and the methods of thermal recovery.Because ASR contain heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs), proper recycling and manage-ment systems are required. Information concerning poly-chlorinated dioxins/furans (PCDDs/DFs), polychlorinated