商务英语终极版本

信用证定义【is a undertaking of payments make by a bank at the request of the buyer.】is a credit instrument or a letter issued by a bank at the request of and in accordance with the instructions of a customer containing a written undertaking on the part of the issuing bank to pay a certain amount to a third party against the surrender of stipulated documents made out in compliance with the terms and conditions of the credit purporting to cover the shipment of goods contracted for between the buyer and the seller. 信用证的种类Kinds of documentary L/C1.Sight credit 2.Acceptance credit: 3.Fixed credit: 4.Revolving credit: 5.Red clause/packing credits 6.transferable credits: 7.Back-to-Back credits: 8.reciprocal credits 9.Deferred payment credits

10.Standby credits:

信用证5个重要原则

1. only the wording in the credit is binding on the bank

2. banks deal exclusively with document

3. banks observe the rule of “strict compliance”

4. banks assume no responsibility for the authenticity ,form or validity the documents

5. banks assume no responsibility for the acts of the third parties taking part in any way in the credit. 信用证当事人 1.Applicant (the buyer of the goods) 2.Beneficiary (the seller of the goods) 3.Issuing bank (the buyer’s bank)

4.Advising bank (as the agent of issuing bank) 5.Negotiating bank (the seller’s bank) 6.Paying bank (which the draft is drawn) 开证行权利1. To recover from the applicant the amount it has paid

2. to reject the document made out and presented under the credit if they not strictly accordance with the terms and condition of credit

3. Undertaking to pay irrevocable 托收的定义1.collection:exporter first ships cargoes to get necessary documents and entrusts banks as intermediaries to collect the money for the goods.2.a mode of payment that the principal issue a draft and entrust banks as intermediaries to collect the money for him 托收使出口商更有风险1.Because the exporter ships the cargoes before obtaining the payment.2.When the goods arrive at the destination,they might be refused or the importer may find fault with the goods.3.If this happens,the exporter has to deliver the goods in the hand of the importers with loss of profit or to transport the goods back,but that involves charges.

4.It is very clear that collection provides more security to the importer. 5，has spend money on production and distribution of the goods in the time lag between a placing of the order and final delivery. 6,has to bear a further credit period based on the term of draft. 托收当事人The party of collection Principal (the exporter who draws a draft) Remitting bank (in the exporter’s country) Collecting bank (payer’s country) Payer: drawee (importer)Presenting bank: (Usually collecting bank) Case-of-need (principal’s representative) 光票托收Clean collection refers to the collection which is made with financial documents only.

承兑交单D/A六个操作步骤1.The principal approaches the remitting bank for collection.2.The remitting bank produces the collection order based on the instructions of the collection application form and sends it to the collecting bank together with the B/E and the shipping documents3.The collecting bank presents the B/E and documents to their importer who writes on the B/E the word “accepted “and the date on which he accepts the B/E and his signature. Afterwards, the importer gives the B/E back to the bank and gets the documents4.The importer pays money when the bill matures. 5.The collecting bank informs the remitting bank that payment is effected and transfers the account to the remitting bank.6.The remitting bank hands over the payment to the exporter.

简要地说明两种形式的跟单托收

1) When the presenting bank presents the documents to the importer, the latter must accept the bill before he gets the documents. D/A

may be used when the market is the buyer’s market and when the buyer is considered reliable.

2) By D/P ,it is meant that the principal gives the B/E and the shipping documents to the bank and entrusts the bank to collect the pay

ment from the importer on condition that the importer effects payment. Otherwise, the shipping documents shall not be released to the importer.

外汇的定义1.it means the system utilized in financing international payments 2.it means the media used to discharge international obligations 3.the third meaning of the term “foreign exchange” is that it covers , the rates at which foreign exchange is quoted.

直接报价Under the direct quotation method, the rates are quoted in terms of a variable number of home currency per fixed