单项填空解题指导

高考单项填空题虽然在高考中不是重头戏，但却是很多考生最为头痛的题型。单项填空题主要有以下

两个特点：

(一) 单项填空题考查的知识面广，需要复习、掌握的内容多而杂。

(二) 命题灵活多变，题干多含有复杂结构及陷阱。

对于第一个方面，需要大家针对自己的薄弱环节有针对性地查漏补缺。对于高考单项填空题的灵活多

变，只要我们练就一双“慧眼”，就能够识别陷阱，巧妙解题。

一、消肿法

消肿法是指将题干部分的干扰成分删除掉，从而使臃肿的句子简单化，使试题的测试目标更为明确。

例如：1. That is the only way we can imagine ______ the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms. (2010上海)

A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce

2. I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school ______ I met in the English speech contest last year. (2010湖南)A. who B. where C. when D. which

3. The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister ______ she would stay for an hour. (2010江西)A. where B. who C. which D. what

二、增元法

增元法又名“补全法”，是指将题干中隐含的部分或省略的成分补全，在各种成分齐全的完整结构中进

行分析，比较选项直至选出答案的方法。例如：

1. Though ______ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. (2010全国Ⅱ)

A. surprise B. was surprised C. surprised D. being surprised

2. ______ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. (2010陕西)

A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see

三、还原法

还原法是指在解答那些题干为疑问句、倒装句、强调句等打乱了语序的题时，可以将其还原为正常语

序再作选择的方法。例如：

It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village ______ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner. (2010安徽) A. where B. that C. when D. which

四、找准“题眼”法

所谓“题眼”，是指试题考查的重点或主旨所在。找准了“题眼”就是找到了解题的关键和突破口，从而为

理清解题思路奠定了坚实的基础。例如：

1. The cost of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than ______ in any other area of the city. (2010陕西)

A. that B. this C. it D. one

2. I have seldom seen my mother ______ pleased with my progress as she is now. (2010全国I )

A. so B. very C. too D. rather

3. Teachers recommend parents _____ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. (2010福建)

A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow

4. The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too ______. (2010四川)

A. small B. few C. large D. many

5. Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he ______. (2010安徽)

A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy D. will be busy

6. You are a team star! Working with ______ is really your cup of tea. (2010安徽)

A. both B. either C. others D. the other

7. Neither side is prepared to talk to ______unless we can smooth things over between them. (2010全国II)

A. others B. the other C. another D. one other

8. Jack described his father, who ______ a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man. (2010安徽)

A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been

五、结构理顺法

结构理顺法是指对于那些结构复杂、语序颠倒或打乱的句子，解题时可先理顺其结构，以便能更迅速